RESUMO
Resumen El consumo se ha instaurado en las sociedades posmodernas como un medio regulador de las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la compra compulsiva se establece como patológica y genera un malestar psicológico significativo en las personas, al punto de deteriorar el funcionamiento social y profesional. A esto se suman graves problemas económicos como producto del endeudamiento. Bajo este escenario, los jóvenes son particularmente sensibles, ya que con el consumo acceden a objetos simbólicos que forman parte de su construcción de identidad. Una dimensión relacionada con la compra compulsiva y el acceso al consumo bajo elementos simbólicos es la discrepancia del yo, la cual establece la distancia entre quién soy y quién me gustaría ser de acuerdo a patrones sociales que motivan el consumo como extensión del sujeto y materialización de la propia identidad. En base a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la discrepancia del yo sobre las actitudes hacia la compra compulsiva en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple se aprecia que la discrepancia del yo físico (belleza), económico y el sexo son predictores significativos de la compra compulsiva. De igual manera, se observa que las mujeres son un grupo con mayores puntuaciones en cuanto a las compras compulsivas que los hombres, las cuales pueden verse mayormente afectadas por el contexto, y las campañas de marketing pueden influir en una mayor brecha entre el yo real y el yo ideal.
Abstract Consumption has been established in postmodern societies as a means of regulating social relations. In this context, compulsive buying could be established as pathological, creating significant psychological discomfort in people, to the point of impairing social and professional functioning, coupled with serious economic problems resulting from indebtedness. Along the same lines, in the construction of a social identity and a socially shared reality, consumption patterns arise that are linked to what the public should be and what they want to be. Therefore, while compulsive buying has been conceptualized for decades, it is a substantial threat to psychological and financial well-being. Few studies have explored the link between self-discrepancy and compulsive buying within an identity construction context. In this scenario, it is young people who become particularly sensitive, since with consumption they access symbolic objects that are part of their identity construction and a dimension related to compulsive buying. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that access to the consumption of symbolic elements is self-discrepancy. That is why this research aims at determining the effect of the self-discrepancy on attitudes towards compulsive buying in Chilean university students. The study uses a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. Study sample was comprised of 1 229 Chilean university students, who responded to the scale of attitudes towards consumption, the self-discrepancy scale, and answered questions for sociodemographic characterization including: gender (male/female), age, geographical area of residence (rural/urban), people with whom they live, and whether they have any bank credit cards. Prior to data collection, a letter was sent to Faculty Deans and Program Directors of all the universities associated with the Council of Rectors of Chile; these letters described the aims of the study, and requested information and authorization for the distribution of the instrument previously described. It is important to indicate that, after this, a random sampling process was initiated, after which each participant was contacted, so that they could sign an informed consent form, thus ensuring the anonymity ethical guidelines of the study. The data was processed through SPSS version 22 software, looking for the presence of univariate and multivariate outliers through Z-scores and Mahalanobis distance. A descriptive analysis of the variables was then carried out based on the dispersion, central trend and shape measurements. Subsequently, the data was analysed through bivariate statistics through Pearson correlations, to indicate into empirical relationships between compulsive purchase as a dependent variable and sociodemographic variables (sex and bank credit card holding) and the dimensions associated with the self-discrepancy (intellectual, physical, physical beauty, personal, social, emotional and economic) as independent variables. Once the behaviour of the variables was observed, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed. Regarding the results of this research, multiple linear regression shows that physical self-discrepancy (beauty), economic self-discrepancy and gender are significant predictors of compulsive buying. Similarly, it is noted that women are a group with higher scores in terms of compulsive purchases than men, which may be mostly affected by the context, where marketing campaigns can influence a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.
RESUMO
La pandemia por COVID-19 generó una crisis de salud pública sin precedentes a nivel mundial, provocando la muerte directa o indirecta de alrededor de 14,9 millones de personas en un período de 2 años. Ante esto, el desarrollo de vacunas para evitar la muerte, cuadros graves y cortar la cadena de propagación del virus, se estableció como prioridad mundial. El proceso de vacunación ha demostrado su efectividad, pero ha existido reticencia a vacunarse dentro de la población. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación de variables censales con respecto a la frecuencia de vacunación para la semana del 24 de mayo de 2021 en Chile. Para ello, se recurrió a datos secundarios del censo del 2017 y del Ministerio de Salud y, a través de una regresión lineal múltiple, se determinó que la escolaridad, la vivienda de residencia y la etnicidad son variables que impactan en la cantidad de personas vacunadas por comuna. Los hallazgos obtenidos aportan información relevante para la generación de políticas públicas(AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic generated an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide, which caused the direct or indirect death of about 14.9 million people in a period of two years. In view of this, the development of vaccines to prevent death and serious illnesses and to cut the chain of spread of the virus was established as a global priority. Although the vaccination process has demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccination, there has been reluctance within the population. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the relation of census variables with respect to the frequency of vaccination for the week of May 24, 2021 in Chile. For this purpose, secondary data from the 2017 Census and the Ministry of Health were used and, through a multiple linear regression, it was determined that schooling, residence dwelling and ethnicity are variables that impact the number of people vaccinated per commune. The findings obtained provide relevant information for the generation of public policies(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Censos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , ChileRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El consumo se ha instaurado como medio de interacción social generando altos niveles de endeudamiento en la población chilena. Los adolescentes han sido especialmente sensibles a esto, producto que a través del consumo acceden a elementos simbólicos asociados a la construcción de la identidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la existencia de relaciones entre valores materiales, susceptibilidad al efecto de pares y actitudes hacia el dinero con respecto a las actitudes hacia el endeudamiento hedónico en estudiantes secundarios chilenos. Método: La muestra es de 1297 estudiantes secundarios chilenos, el 46% es hombre y el 54% es mujer, correspondientes a las ciudades de La Serena, Coquimbo, Santiago y Temuco. Se aplicaron las escalas de Actitudes hacia el Endeudamiento, Materialismo para Adolescentes, Escala de Susceptibilidad a la Influencia de los Pares y la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Dinero. Los datos fueron analizados a través de una regresión lineal múltiple jerárquica. Resultados: Se evidencian relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre sexo, valores materiales, susceptibilidad al efecto de pares y las actitudes hacia el dinero con respecto al endeudamiento hedónico. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio entregan pistas al momento de abordar la educación financiera, donde debe considerarse que la cultura materialista del modelo económico neoliberal impacta en las actitudes, valores y propensión al endeudamiento de los adolescentes y posteriormente adultos.
Abstract Introduction: Consumer spending has established itself as a means of social interaction, generating high levels of indebtedness among the Chilean population. Adolescents have been especially sensitive to this situation, since through consumption they have access to symbolic elements associated with the construction of identity. The objective of this research is to determine the existence of relationships between material values, influence of peers, and attitudes towards money with regard to attitudes towards hedonic indebtedness in Chilean high school students. Method: Of a sample of 1297 Chilean high school students, 46% are men and 54% are women, corresponding to the cities of La Serena, Coquimbo, Santiago and Temuco. The scales of Attitudes towards Indebtedness, Materialism for Adolescents, Scale of Susceptibility to the Influence of Peers and the Scale of Attitudes towards Money were applied. The data were analyzed through a hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results: The results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between sex, material values, peer effect and attitudes towards money with respect to hedonic indebtedness. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study provide clues when approaching financial education in adolescents, where it must be considered that the materialistic culture of the neoliberal economic model impacts on the attitudes, values and propensity to indebtedness of adolescents and later adults.
